Layout and Spacing of Parking Furniture

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Contents 1 Layout and spacing: Considering other Users of the space 2 Layout and Spacing: Considering cyclists 3 Layout and spacing: Dimensions for Racks and Stands 4 Layout and spacing: Dimensions for Lockers and Shelters 5 References

Layout and spacing: Considering other Users of the space

1. Miniature hoops [can be used] to deflect pedestrian flows at cycle stands, which are themselves angled to minimise intrusion.^[1]
2. [Arrange] banks of three stands with the middle one carrying a sign at eye level.^[2]
3. The location of facilities should not hinder pedestrian flow:^[3]
   1. Sheffield stands located near a kerb should be at least 0.6 metres from the edge of the kerb. This is to ensure that the wheels of a cycle etc are 0.45 metres behind the kerb line and so cannot overhang into the carriageway and obstruct moving vehicles or be damaged by them.^[4]

Layout and Spacing: Considering cyclists

1. Typically eight bikes can be parked in the space of one car.^[5]
2. In public spaces where racks are installed, 5 metres (or more) of footpath should remain available.^[6]
3. The design of cycle parking facilities should ensure that the layout of cycle stands allows easy and convenient parking and un-parking of bicycles without causing interruption to the existing pedestrian flows and without creating hazards for the visually impaired.^[7]

   

4. A U-stand, when spaced correctly, can accommodate two bikes.^[8]
5. Each bicycle parking space should be sufficient to accommodate a bicycle at least six feet in length and two feet wide. A space of 14 feet by 6 feet can store up to dozen bicycles.^[9]
6. If racks which only hold the front wheel are implemented, arranging them at alternative heights may increase capacity. This type of rack also ensures a straight row of bicycles which is useful for maximizing space.^[10] To increase capacity racks can be arranged at alternative heights with the type of rack that holds the front wheel in place. These racks are only acceptable if a support post is provided between each rack to which the frame for the bicycle can easily be locked.^[11]
7. Providing adequate clearance for maneuvering, parking and locking bikes is critical. Racks that are too close to the wall, or which don’t have enough room between them, will end up sitting empty, perhaps by as much as 90%. Additionally it may cause wheels to stick out and interrupt pedestrian flow, as well as making the bike vulnerable to knocks and preventing secure locking.^[12]
8. No more than five positioning maneuvers should be necessary to place the bicycle in/against the cycle parking facility. All maneuvers required should be possible with both hands on the handlebars.^[13]
9. Unused spaces, of little use for other purposes, can sometimes be retrofit for bike parking. Applying creative design imagination in conjunction with alternative rack types is usually the key to success. A useful design detail is to have all street furniture in a strip adjoining the carriageway, thus keeping pedestrian routes clear. In some locations cycle parking can be placed between phone boxes, providing convenient short term parking for phone box users, whilst also deflecting pedestrian flow around this prominent feature, with appropriate measures for visually impaired people.^[14]
10. Designers should also note that it may be possible to reduce the longitudinal dimension where cycles are parked in interlocking opposing rows and that end parking bays which are set against a solid barrier (e.g.: a storey height wall) require additional lateral space for access.^[15]
11. The separation of the bicycle parking spaces and the amount of corridor space shall be adequate for convenient access to every space when the parking facility is full.^[16]
12. Placing stands too close together to increase capacity may not always be a sound investment as this makes using them more difficult, especially when the racks are nearly full and a bike has to be threaded into a tight space. ^[17]
13. Sheffield stands should be aligned at 90 degrees to any slope to stop bicycles rolling away.^[18]
    
14. To facilitate user flow, cycle parking facilities with a high turnover rate should have more than one entrance/exit.^[19]
15. Ensure that there is enough space to allow the cyclist to dismount and secure the bicycle; provide more space than is required for the bicycle alone.^[20]

Layout and spacing: Dimensions for Racks and Stands

1. Careful layout and testing of proposed rack locations is advised before permanent installation. When estimating the approximate areas which will be required to accommodate cycle parking at the planning stage, designers should allow 1 sq. metre per bicycle for ‘pocket’ schemes which do not include any internal circulation. ^[21]
2. Cycle parking bays should generally allow a minimum parking area
1850mm long x 500mm wide per bicycle where adjacent cycles are
parked with all wheels at finished ground level, and 1850mm long x
400mm wide per bicycle where the cycle stand design raises the front
wheels of alternate cycles sufficiently to allow the handlebars of adjacent
bicycles to overlap. ^[22]
3. Spacing between racks and the wall, or between racks and racks will differ dependent on the racks orientation. Recommended distances for such differences are:^[23]
   1. at 90 degrees from wall, 600mm from kerb, 600mm from wall and 900mm between stand space.
   2. at 45 degrees from wall, 1000mm from wall and between stand, 450mm from kerb.
   3. at 30 degrees from wall, 1000mm from wall, 1400mm between stands and 400 mm from kerb.
4. Where space is restricted, stands can be placed at an angle of 45 degrees or alongside the kerb. 1 metre width is required for stands arranged at 45 degrees on a kerb build-out. The remaining carriageway width should not be reduced below 3.5 metres for a one-way street, or 6 metres for two way.^[24]
   
5. When planning cycle parking, don’t forget to consider the space a filled rack requires. It is important to remember how far the bike will extend beyond the stand. By angling the stands, the obstacle width can be reduced to 700mm at most.^[25]
6. The minimum separation between aisles (the distance from tip to tip of bike tires across the space between racks.) should be 48 inches (800 – 1200mm). This provides enough space for one person to walk and maneuver one bike, any closer and only one side of the stand can be used. In high traffic areas where many users park or retrieve bikes at the same time, such as a college classroom, the recommended minimum aisle width is 72 inches. ^[26]
   
   

Layout and spacing: Dimensions for Lockers and Shelters

1. Lockers can typically park two bicycles in a 5 foot by 2 foot space. The average space requirement for 12 bikes is 20 foot in length and a width of 6.5 foot.^[27]
   
2. A typical shelter, compound or indoor area should allow 4100mm x 2300mm footprint for 10 cycles, if using standing U-type racks.^[28]
3. Where floor space is limited, bike lockers and covered parking can be stacked, so there is at least twice the parking density.^[29]
   

References

1. ↑ Cambridgeshire Travel for Work Partnership (2007).
2. ↑ Cambridgeshire Travel for Work Partnership (2007).
3. ↑ Sheffield City Council (2007).Cora Bike Rack (2007). Pedestrian and Cycling Information Center (2007).Victoria Transport Policy Institute (2007). Bicycle Parking, Storage and Changing Facilities. British Parking Association: Parking for Bicycles (2005). Cambridgeshire Travel for Work Partnership (2007).Transport for London (2006). Workplace Cycle Parking Guide.New South Wales Parking Guidelines (2005).Transport for London (2007b). Cycle Parking Standards. Santa Cruz California Bicycle Parking Ordinance (2007).Wycombe District Council Cycle Parking Standards (2006).British Parking Association: Parking for Bicycles (2005).Cambridge Cycling Campaign Cycle Parking Standards (2006). Transport for London (2007). Cycling Design Standards. Nottinghamshire County Council (2006).
4. ↑ Transport for London (2007a). Cycling Design Standards.
5. ↑ Transport for London (2006). Workplace Cycle Parking Guide.
6. ↑ Pedestrian and Cycling Information Center (2007).
7. ↑ Bicycle Parking and Security Association: Quality Cycle Parking Standard (2003).
8. ↑ Safe Routes to Schools (2007).
9. ↑ Cambridge Massachusetts Bicycle Parking Requirements (1995).
10. ↑ Cambridge Cycling Campaign Cycle Parking Standards (2006).
11. ↑ Wycombe District Council Cycle Parking Standards (2006).
12. ↑ Pedestrian and Cycling Information Center (2007).Victoria Transport Policy Institute (2007). Bicycle Parking, Storage and Changing Facilities.Department for Transport (2006). Key elements of cycle parking provision.Transportation Alternatives: Bicycle Parking Solutions (2007).Cora Bike Rack (2007).
13. ↑ Board of Stichting FietsParKeur: Standards for Bicycle Parking (2004).
14. ↑ Department for Transport (2006). Key elements of cycle parking provision.Victoria Transport Policy Institute (2007). Bicycle Parking, Storage and Changing Facilities.Transportation Alternatives: Bicycle Parking Solutions (2007).
15. ↑ Bicycle Parking and Security Association: Quality Cycle Parking Standard (2003).
16. ↑ Santa Cruz California Bicycle Parking Ordinance (2007).
17. ↑ Transport for London (2006). Workplace Cycle Parking Guide.
18. ↑ Transport for London (2006). Workplace Cycle Parking Guide. Sustrans (2007). Chapter 9 - Signing, Parking and Other Details.
19. ↑ Pedestrian and Cycling Information Center (2007).
20. ↑ Pedestrian and Cycling Information Center (2007).
21. ↑ Victoria Transport Policy Institute (2007). Bicycle Parking, Storage and Changing Facilities. Bicycle Parking and Security Association: Quality Cycle Parking Standard (2003).
22. ↑ Bicycle Parking and Security Association: Quality Cycle Parking Standard (2003).
23. ↑ Cambridge Cycling Campaign Cycle Parking Standards (2006). Safe Routes to Schools (2007).Sheffield City Council (2007).
24. ↑ Transport for London (2007a). Cycling Design Standards.
25. ↑ Transportation Alternatives: Bicycle Parking Solutions (2007).Department for Transport (2006). Key elements of cycle parking provision.
26. ↑ Transport for London (2007). Cycling Design Standards. Wycombe District Council Cycle Parking Standards (2006). Transportation Alternatives: Bicycle Parking Solutions (2007). Bicycle Parking and Security Association: Quality Cycle Parking Standard (2003). Transport for London (2006). Workplace Cycle Parking Guide.
27. ↑ Transportation Alternatives: Bicycle Parking Solutions (2007).
28. ↑ Lancaster University Cycle Parking Improvement Strategy (2007).Transportation Alternatives: Bicycle Parking Solutions (2007).
29. ↑ International Bike Fund (2007).Transportation Alternatives: Bicycle Parking Solutions (2007).